The Importance of Individual Duty - Death and the Kings Horseman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1260 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Rights and Duties are an integral part of everyone’s life. It would be very difficult, if not impossible, for this world to go on if we do not assume our rights and duties. As Nelson Rockefeller said, I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation, every possession, a duty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance of Individual Duty Death and the Kings Horseman" essay for you Create order Everyone in this world has some duty to perform, ranging from the head of the country to run the county to a common man to earn bread for his household. Wole Soyinka in his play Death and the King’s horseman shows the commitment of the characters towards their duties and the conflicts that arise when they try to fulfill their duties. Wole Soyinka shows Elesin as a person who enjoys a luxurious life of rich food and fine clothing, the rewards of a man of his position. He enjoys all the fame thinking of it as his right of being a king’s horseman who after the death of the king will accompany him to the after world. In return for these rights, Elesin has to perform his religious duty, towards his king, of committing the ritual suicide after the death of the king. But the human nature of self-interest and selfishness overrides his duties after the death of the king. ‘A weight of longing on my (his) earth-held limbs’’ (1010) that is, because of the worldly pleasures, he betrays his master by not having the will to commit the ritual suicide. And thus, Elesin gives in to the temptation of having his life prolonged so that he can enjoy the company of his new bride. On the one hand, Wole presents a character like Elesin, who refuses to fulfil his duty for fulfilling his earthly desires. On the o ther hand, there is Amusa, who being a Yoruban himself, is â€Å"a police officer in the service of his majesty’s government† (984). Amusa’s religious duty is to let the ritual take place as it has been since centuries, but his duty towards the British Government is exactly opposite to his religious duty. Being a police officer, he has to stop the suicide ritual to protect the British law. Amusa is one of those people who keep their duty to the British ahead of their duty to the religion. The extent to which Amusa is conditioned to obeying the British orders is clearly seen when the marketplace women speak in the formal English accent, his mind takes it as his superiors’ orders and replies ‘‘Yessir’’(993). Amusa reports to Simon Pilkings, who is a British officer keen to fulfil his duties. Simon always believes he is ‘‘trying to do for you (Yorubans). †, â€Å"For your people (Yorubans)’’ (1001). Thus, when he hears about the suicide ritual that he considers â€Å"barbaric†, he quickly orders to arrest Elesin and keep peace while the prince is visiting his colony. Soyinka presents another character called Iyaloja, who is the mother of the marketplace and a symbol of the African traditions, values and power. Despite of her duty towards her family, especially her son, she focuses on her duty towards her religion. When Elesin points out towards her To-Be-Daughter-In-Law, she tries to convince him by telling him that ‘‘she is (already) betrothed’’; ‘‘even those who leave town to make a new dwelling elsewhere like to be remembered by what they leave behind’’, and he is ‘‘not one who eats and leaves nothing on his plate for children’’(981). But as George Bernard Shaw said, ‘‘When a stupid man is doing something he is ashamed of, he always declares that it is his duty. ’’ In the same manner, Elesin says that it is his duty to die without ‘‘burdens of waste and longing’’ (982). Therefore, Iyaloja hands down her ruling believing that the curses of those on the other side are much greater than the curses of her own son. And thus starts preparing for Elesin’s wedding and death. Olunde, who is Elesin’s son, is a great example of love and respect to one’s traditions and values. When he finds out about King’s death, following the rituals, he comes after a month to bury his father. Considering it as his duty towards his religion, he does not allow the love for his father come in the way of the love for his religion. But when he finds out about his father’s failure to fulfil his duties towards the king, he decides to commit suicide in place of his father to lead the king in the after world and save the universe from the brutal damage that his father brought. Wole Soyinka has artistically presented the duties that different people need to fulfill in this play. But apart from assuming their single duties, there are characters which come across the conflicts in their duties: they stand on a two-way road to decide whether they should fulfill their duty towards their families or towards their religion. For example, Iyaloja has a conflict whether she should protest Elesin’s demand for her To-Be-Daughter-In-Law or let the ritual go without any hindrance. Amusa has a conflict to perform the duty towards the Britain officials or let the ceremony go without informing his supervisors. Olunde has a conflict to save his father and his love towards his father or let him perform his duty towards the king and bury his father. Wole presents us with yet another type of conflict which is between the duties of different people. For example, Elesin’s duty is to die, but Amusa’s and Simon’s duty is to not let him die. Thus, in Death and The King’s Horseman, we see various kinds of conflicts that people encounter and how they try to solve them. While there are conflicts of duties among so many people, there is bound to be some harm to someone. The outcomes that these conflicts bring are not always likeable. We see how Iyaloja has to give up her To-Be-Daughter-In-Law, how Amusa has to face the shame in front of his tribe, and how Olunde has to give his life to save his family’s honour and to fulfill his father’s duty. Elesin has a conflict whether he should have a long life accompanying his new bride or to die and save the peace of the universe. He chooses to live and enjoy the worldly pleasures. But as Joseph Newton said, ‘‘A duty dodged is like a debt unpaid; it is only deferred, and we must come back and settle the account at last’’, Elesin has to repay the debt of betraying his master and the universe by losing his honour, his son’s life and his own life without his will. Thus, Wole points out how a person’s decision to assume his/her duty can lead to various outcomes. Keeping in view different sides of human nature, Wole shows in Death and The King’s Horseman the concept of individual duty, how a person deals with internal as well as external dilemmas while assuming his/her duties, how he/she decides what to give preference to, and how to decide which duty to perform. He also gives us a lesson as to how as human beings, we should solve the dilemmas we are faced with in our daily lives and consider in advance what the outcomes will be if we take even a single wrong decision. Works Cited Soyinka, Wole. â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman. † 1975. The Longman Anthology World Literature. Ed. David Damrosch and David L. Pike. Vol. F. Newyork: Longman, 2004. . Print

Essay on The Rulers and the Ruled in High School - 909 Words

If movie tropes and idioms are to be believed, there is a clear distinction between who is the ‘ruling’ majority and the ‘ruled’ minority. Every high school movie that ever was invariably depicted academia as a maze of cliques and clichà ©s. The high school experience was characterized not by what you achieved, but who you ‘hung out’ with. The jocks, cheerleaders, bands and an assorted team of people blessed with good looks were ‘cool’ and the rest were ‘not’. The masses were ostensibly ruled over by the much smaller ‘popular’ gang; the unpopular masses criticized and berated the repulsive mediocrity and social stagnation of the usually wealthy and/or beautiful minority, while the popular showed only disdain for the seemingly clueless†¦show more content†¦Everyone around them was dissenting and ‘rebelling’. But all these rebels has squeezed themselves in a conformist bandwagon; opposi tion for the sake of opposition. The sixties paid lip-service to the ideals of non-conforming while still being entrenched in the mainstream, thereby killing the fundamental ideals of individualism However, those beliefs have not become extinct, they have merely been shrouded in a blanket of confusion and false similarities. If all non-conformists are in fact conformists, then has society lost hope? Not at all. The individual, though rarely found in his true sense, still exists; but in alarmingly marginalized numbers. The real sorrow is the true individual, while not lost to memory will never be hailed for the hero he truly is. This ideal of rebellion, the in individual, do not fashion themselves to fit any certain mold, but rather hold values that they personally agree with. Unfortunately for the masses, the individual cannot be pinpointed in a crowd. These individuals can be found manning the tills at McDonalds or as high-flying executives at law firms. They can be doctors without borders or decorated heroes. Capitalist, democratic, authoritarian, anarchist, Christian, Muslim, Jewish, individuals are found in all shapes and sizes. Thy can even align themselves to merge with the masses; providing they think the majority s on the rightShow MoreRelatedIndia s Caste System : How Were They Alike?164 0 Words   |  7 Pageshad settled in. The area was near a river that flooded which made the land rich with moisture and fertile to grow different crops. The population of the two cities was as high as around 40,000. Both had a great defensive and similar strategy. Both had high fortresses lined with warriors guarding the civilization. Thick high walls surrounded the cities so it was hard to enter the gates. Even if you tried to break the walls and succeeded you will have to get through the warriors. Both cities wereRead MoreThe Roman Empire : A Sophisticated Civilization1262 Words   |  6 Pageswas very strict,there was also times ruled under emperors. 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Oil in the market Free Essays

The demand for oil will be present a perfect example of this would have to be, the Chinese economy, with a surge in the demand for crude oil in china, their economy has risen tremendously. Since oil is limited. People must look for other alternatives like solar power, hydro power, even alternatives like ethanol where it is used faintly as a source of energy to power vehicles. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil in the market or any similar topic only for you Order Now When it comes to the market speculation there is a lot of investment being poured into the oil trade, due to this surge of investments, fluctuations in the market go from high to low on a daily basis. Risk will be present when it comes to business, but in the case of the investors depending on how the market trends are they may lose profit rather then make profit. When it comes to the supply of oil there are long and short-term factors that affect the international markets. The short-term factors include: -Profit motive -Spare capacity -Stock External shocks Profit making factors rely solely on OPEC operating nations. OPEC is put in place as a cartel to regulate price fixtures on crude oil and gas that are supplied by world’s oil producers. Ex: Saudi Arabia Oil refinery’s have stocks in place to be released in the market when the demand for oil fluctuates, in the case of an oil company in peril with low profits, the effects of production shocks may be devastating to the companies growth, examples of these issues. Taking a longer-term perspective, the long run world oil supply is linked to 1 . Reserves: Depletion of proven oil reserves – the faster that demand grows, the quicker the expected rate of depletion 2. Exploration: Investment spending on exploring, identifying and then exploiting new oil reserves. When oil prices are rising and are expected to stay strong for the foreseeable future, it makes financial sense to invest more resources in exploring for new reserves, even though these may not come on stream for some years. 3. Technology: Technological change in oil extraction (which affects the costs of extraction and the profitability of extracting and then refining the oil) Long-term effects include: Reserves Exploration Technology How to cite Oil in the market, Papers

Technology and Their Impact on Relationships free essay sample

It allows family members, lovers, and friends to have instant contact through voice, text messages and email and allows for spontaneous planning of impromptu meetings and activities. According to Bittman, M et al (2008, p 648) â€Å"the mobile phone significantly increases people’s capacity to maintain intimacy at a distance and over the course of the day†¦ This capacity for perpetual contact gives rise to new forms of intimacy, such as forming, deepening and dissolving relationships via SMS messages and enhancing the ability to be communicatively present while being physically absent. It allows parents to check on their children and for children to be able to contact their parents. The Internet has also allowed people to form online relationships with ‘virtual’ friends. â€Å"A major research study published in December 2008 on the use of digital technologies by adults from 16 industrialised nations suggests that â€Å"on average [they] spend a third of their leisure time online, belong to two social networking sites and have regular contact with 16 people who they have ‘virtually’ met on the internet† (TNS 2008, 2 as cited in Harrison, R, 2009, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Their Impact on Relationships or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 10). These kinds of relationships while may seem harmless have had negative effects; people cheating on partners with people they have met online and teenagers becoming obsessed with Social Networking Sites, constantly checking and updating their ‘status’ and messages. Social movements have been affected in regards to it becoming easier to organise protests through the use of mobile phones and Internet to promote awareness of a cause and issues that affect society and the world. It’s faster, cheaper and easier and you can reach a wider audience with the use of social networking sites. People also have the chance to interact, have their say and join in on debates. ‘At their core, social movements are about group formation, and suddenly the tools exist to make it much easier to bring people together’ (Brecher, J, Costello, T, Smith, B, 2009) The internet has also become more simpler and easier to use, allowing people who would never before have gone online to access social networking sites and form or join groups. The web is no longer the exclusive dominion of the young and highly educated, and as this trend continues it will allow social movements to cheaply and easily reach out to increasingly diverse constituencies. ’ (Brecher, J Costello, T, Smith, B, 2009) The negative side of technology’s impact on social movements is that you loose the face-to-face contact that can impact on a more lasting personal level and group formi ng and sharing of knowledge can be great but misinformation can lead to the spreading of false rumours, anonymous slander and racism. Technology has had a big impact on education. Mobile phones with their ability to access the internet has made it a great way to look up information, wireless internet and faster connections have made working and learning on computers at home much more convenient and easier. More and more schools, TAFE’s and Universities are offering courses online making it possible for people to merge home life, work life and study more conveniently. It also allows people access to study that live in remote areas or overseas. As mobile phones become more sophisticated and inexpensive, students can read and email documents, do research on the Internet and manage their assignments all from their mobile phones. Teachers can send pod casts and hyperlinks within a document to encourage students to read further on topics that might interest them. Accessing books with mobile technology is becoming more readily available to, there is no need to go to the bookstore when you can download books to your phone. The negative aspect of having all this information available is that the amount of information can be very overwhelming and that anyone can put information on the Internet and it may not always be correct. It is important to always verify information and it’s source. Mobile phones and the technology behind them have become a very big part of modern day life, most people own one and use it, whether it is for simple phone calls and text messaging or for use as a more complex multimedia device, it has impacted on the way we do everyday things. Even though mobile phones and technology have some negative aspects on a whole they have had a positive influence and have changed society for the better. We are more connected, can express our feeling more easily, can join groups with people that have the same interests and have instant access to information and education from our home computers, laptops or mobile phones. Reference list Bittman, M, Brown, J, Wajcman, J, ADJ 2009, ‘The cell phone, constant connection and time scarcity in Australia’

Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay Example

Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay The touristry industry is a major subscriber to the gross province merchandise of many states ( Reige and Perry, 2000 ) and in the last 50 old ages, touristry has developed into one of the universe s most powerful, yet provocative, socio-economic forces ( Sharpley and Telfer 2008 ) . Travel A ; Tourism industry has become one of the universe s most of import and fastest turning economic sectors, bring forthing quality occupations and significant wealth for economic systems around the Earth ( WTTC, 2007 ) . The recent planetary recession has non caused the touristry industry to crunch to a complete arrest, and the World Tourism Barometer indicated that the recession merely caused a 4 % diminution in planetary touristry from 2008-2010 ( UNWTO, 2011b ) and now it is expected to turn once more. WTTC President and CEO, David Scowsill ( 2011 ) says Over the following 10 old ages, its entire part to GDP will lift by 4.2 % per annum to US $ 9.2 trillion, conveying with it 65 million new oc cupations, but for that growing to be accomplishable and sustainable, authoritiess must work together with the industry towards smarter policies and statute law that will assist Travel A ; Tourism to boom. In Third universe states, authoritiess encourage touristry investing because of the premise that it will lend to economic development of their states ( Hall, 1995 ) . Third universe states and developing states ever seeks the possible benefits of touristry such as increased income, foreign exchange, employments and economic variegation ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Ferguson ( 2007 ) The touristry industry straight provides around 3 per cent of planetary employment, or 192 million occupations the equivalent to one in every 12 occupations in the formal sector . As with other industrial sectors and Fieldss of academic survey, touristry has besides developed over the decennaries and has been influenced by a battalion of internal and external factors. It is non su rprising that many facets of touristry are wholly different than they used to be before because of the huge rate of technological alteration along with societal, economic and environmental alterations. Bangladesh is one of the universe s most dumbly populated states, with its people packed into a delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal [ BBC ] ( 2011 ) . It s implementing its development programs for a long clip. They are non merely seeking to procure their economic growing but besides seeking to better their societal life criterions. In Bangladesh, touristry was about non-existent at the state s independency from Pakistan in 1971. More late touristry has seen as a agency of the lending to their attainment. Tourism contributes 4.8 % to Bangladesh s Gross Domestic Products ( GDP ) and employs over 1509100 which contribute 1.9 % of direct employments ( WTTC, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Bhatia ( 1986 in Jenkins and Tosun, 1998 ) , many states in the 3rd universe do non cognize the importance of touristry and the impacts that it can hold, and Bangladesh is one of those states. Basically Jenkins and Tosun ( 1998 ) argue that, touristry development took topographic point in most of the topographic points of this universe as an unplanned activity ( p 102 ) . Like sustainable development sounds attractive ( Butler, 1992: 64 ) , the phrase of sustainable touristry accepted instantly by this state even the significance of this term is non understood to the full. Though sustainable touristry is the in thing across the universe, Bangladesh, in malice of being endowed with nature s premiums and beauty, still struggles with the construct ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . Several finishs in Bangladesh such as Chittagong hill piece of lands, the Sundarbans, Saint Martin coral island, Nijhum Island, Srimanagol Lawachera rain wood, Tangua Hoar and Cox s Bazar, which could be used as sustainable tourer musca volitanss ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cox s Bazar is the tourist capital of Bangladesh. By popular pick, Cox s Bazar has late been ranked as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World ( Zamir, 2009 ) , located handily on the east-west air-corridor doing it a gateway to the Far East. It is endowed with resources and the potency for a touristry industry. In the southern border of the state has a 125 kilometer ( 77.6 stat mis ) long beach of soft silvery sand, the universe s longest ( Qadir, 2003 ) and a concatenation of hills that run parallel to the sea for about the full length, looming drops, colourful, ancient pagodas and Hindu temples ( Anonymous, 2007 ) , in a Riviera-like scene with semilunar low hills overlooking the Bay of Bengal, and most visited tourer finishs in Bangladesh. The scope of the hills covered in epicurean green Grovess is cherished locations for tourers. Cox s Bazar is located at the caput of this terrain. Cox s Bazar is besides known as Panowa , literature significance xanthous flower. Palonkee was its other name. The girl of the sea Bangladesh is a beautiful surprise for the tourer. Since the touristry is reported as a comparatively easy manner to gain foreign exchange, many states are eager to come in international markets every bit fast as they can ( Jafari, 1974 ) and Bangladesh is one of them. Harmonizing to Jafari ( 1974 ) , tourers and intelligence media of a developed states come to be a sort of promotional agents for a underdeveloped state or for a under developing state. Though Hasan in his book development touristry in Bangladesh blames the international intelligence media for stand foring a incorrect visual aspect of the state and intelligence media carefully avoid stating the universe of the brighter side of Bangladesh than the unsmooth side of it ( Khairuzzaman, 2008 ) still there are some positive attacks from the international media. Alone planet is one of them. The universe leader in printing travel ushers and guidebooks Lonely planet recommended Bangladesh as one of the to p 10 interesting travel finish in 2009 ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This UK based publication Bradt Travel usher is known as a innovator in undertaking unusual finishs, for defending the causes of sustainable travel and for the high quality of composing ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . The first usher on Bangladesh published in 2009 and the back screen text provinces: Bangladesh has a repute for being hapless and beset by deluging, but this republic of rivers wagess those willing to look beyond the headlines. Leave luxuries behind and ship on the richest of travel experiences among some of the sub-continent s friendliest people ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This sort of positive focal point on Bangladesh is non possible to purchase for money. Lack of consistent scheme on cooperation, appropriate cognition and sustainability ; are the great barrier to a positive development of Bangladesh touristry sector. Environmental resources are an of import plus non merely in Cox s Bazar but to other touristry finishs in all other 3rd universe states. The touristry in Bangladesh is particularly popular due to its coastal countries of Cox s Bazar. If environmental resources are of import economic assets in Bangladesh, the immediate action that demand is that of sustainable use of resources to profit for present and future coevalss ( Mbaiwa, 2005 ) . It is good established that the presence of touristry in finish ever brings with it environmental, socio-culture and economic benefit and this is why it is an effectual development tool in any under developing states and in the instance of Bangladesh, A sustainable touristry scheme will hold a major positive impact ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . When transporting out a wide research on any substance, it is indispensable to go acquainted with contextual of that subject, by utilizing relevant literatures. For this thesis, it is most important to obtain information in a figure of different beginnings. Academic books, diaries, newspapers, where available, will be used in the assemblage of information for this thesis. Here in this undertaking, I will sketch the history of sustainable touristry development foremost which will supply the context of how it is developing and will reply either it exists in the Bangladesh, peculiarly in Cox s bazaar. In order to derive this cognition I will look at different publications related to research issue will be collected from academic books, day-to-day newspaper, undertakings, related archives and enormously up to day of the month diaries. For this intent it will be highly utile to look at relevant cyberspace web sites such as the web sites of different ministry of Bangladesh and touristry in dustry based web sites. Internet web sites will be an of import beginning to make full in the spread by supplying utile information where books and periodicals are non so univocal. 2.0: Literature reappraisal All touristry includes some travel but non all travel is touristry ( Page, 2007 ) . Tourism used to be recognised as an activity undertaken by those who travelled off from place for vacations, to see relations or to transport out professional concern, in the yesteryear. Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience: transit, adjustments, feeding and imbibing constitutions, stores amusement, activity installations and other cordial reception services available for persons and groups that are going off from place ( Goeldner and Ritchie, 2009 ) . Therefore it encompasses a broad assortment of intents. The officially accepted definition by UNWTO ( 1993 ) is: Tourism comprises the activities of individual going to and remaining topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concerns and other intents . This definition challenges the normally held perceptual experience that to uristry is strictly concerned with diversion and holding merriment ( Holden, 2008 ) . But harmonizing to Gunn ( 1994 ) the best working definition of touristry is that of by Mathieson and Wall ( 1982 in Gunn, 1994 ) : Tourism is the impermanent motion of people to finishs outsides their normal topographic points of work and abode, the activities undertaken during their stay in those finishs, and the installations created to provide to their demands . At the present clip, touristry is even more far making with wider deductions. Specialists have celebrated between mass touristry , which involves those characteristics merely mentioned, and alternative touristry , which can include cultural, educational, societal, environmental, agricultural and political touristry ( Wearing and Neil, 2009 ) . Tourism promotes better transverse civilization apprehension. For any 3rd universe and developing states, touristry is seen as an of import tool of their regional development, civilization, en vironmental and in most instances ; the touristry portfolio is attached to Economy. This provides us with an initial penetration into the impact of touristry within all states it has. In add-on to societal, political and economic concerns, touristry has become a immensely of import and planetary characteristic of environmental statement. Tourism development which systematically ignores environmental concerns is improbable to stay feasible in the longer term ( Pigram, 1990 ) . High volume of touristry can do environmental including H2O, air and noise pollution which are highly destructive to a location s sustainable wellbeing. It is as a significance of the turning consciousness of the harmful consequence that touristry has on the environment, every bit good as a general heightened apprehension of how planetary heating is impacting our planet, that touristry has been given an environmental focal point. Indeed, sustainable touristry is now a widely known mercantile establishment of touristry, with the province of the environment being given more and more consideration. The term Sustainable Tourism has been introduced in the context of wider argument about environme ntal sustainability and logically implies a signifier and degree of touristry which maintains a entire stock of natural resources ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The turning consciousness of environmental harm in this modern technological universe is the ground to turn to this term. Getz ( 1986 ) says that when touristry planning was foremost developed in the 1960s, the subject s chief focal point came, about wholly from the position of maximising economic growing ( p. 21 ) . Over the decennaries, the focal point has shifted and is now, more sensitive to non-economic issues ( p. 32 ) . Murphy ( 1985 ) argues that it is the duty of the touristry industry to, develop and protect its attractive forces, whether they are natural or semisynthetic, and go a cordial reception industry to do visitant experiences every bit gratifying as possible ( p. 10 ) . Though it is argued that excessively much accent is placed on comparatively short term economic impacts at the cost of sing the long term soci etal and environmental impacts of touristry, thereby encourages in a better consciousness of the jobs that the industry creates ( Holloway et al. , 2009 ) . The importance of sustainable development is to transport turning successes into the hereafter in such a manner that future coevalss are non troubled ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . Sustainability, sustainable touristry and sustainable development are all well-established footings ( Liu, 2003 ) . There are two constituents in the definition of sustainable development. The significance of development and the status necessary for sustainability are those two constituents ( Miltin, 1992 ) . Croall ( 1995 ) compares sustainability to the nexus between development and preservation , which should non conflict to each other. Harmonizing to Bartelmus ( 1986 in Tosun, 2001 ) , development implies a procedure that makes an attempt to better the life conditions of people . To run into human demands and wants is the chief aim of development ( WCED, 1987 ) which involves wider apprehensivenesss with the quality of life ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . When applied to touristry, as Godfrey ( 1996 in Gunn, 1994 ) ) points out the construct of sustainable development relates to a signifier of environmentally friendly touristry. Aside, Rees ( Gunn, 1994 p.85 ) define sustainable touristry development as a positive socio-economic alteration that does non sabotage the cultural, ecological and societal systems upon which local communities and societies are depended . The construct of sustainability foremost appeared on the public sense in the study by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. The lineation of sustainable development is that the economic growing and the environmental preservation are non merely friendly but they are spouses and one can non last without than other. The Brundtland Commission Report defines sustainable development as development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ( WCED, 1987 ) . The Commission highlighted that sustainable development is non a fixed national understanding, but an active procedure of alterations which are all in harmoniousness and heighten both current and future potency to run into human demands and aspirations ( WCED, 1987: 46 ) . A general failing in the construct of the sustainable touristry development is that its rules and aims have tended to attest themselves in sets of guidelines that base d on pull offing the bounds of acceptable environmental and societal alteration, which is unable to account for the about infinite diverseness of touristry development contexts ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . In a research Liu ( 2003 ) found that sustainability is praised by Bramwell and Lane ( 1993 in Liu, 2003 ) and harmonizing to them it is a positive attack intended to cut down the tensenesss and clash created by the complex interactions between the touristry industry, tourers, environment and the host communities to keep the long term capacity and quality of both natural and human resources . Miles of aureate littorals, looming drops, surfing moving ridges, rare conch shells, colorful Pagodas, Buddhist Temples and delicious sea-food all this makes what Cox s Bazar is today, the tourer capital of Bangladesh ( NTO ) . Cox s Bazar is one of the most attractive tourer musca volitanss, non merely in the Bangladesh but besides in the universe. The warm, shark free Waterss are good for bathing and swimming A ; while the flaxen beaches offer chances for sun-bathing ( NTO ) . The tourist capital of Bangladesh includes conch shell market, tribal handcraft, and salt and shrimp cultivation. Harmonizing to a nose count of aquatic birds, a sum of 15933 birds of 52 species have been spotted in Cox s Bazar ( The Daily Star, 2009 ) can be seen as other attractive force. Aggmeda Khyang, a Buddhist monastery at the hills, Himchari field day topographic point, merely about 8 kilometers from Cox s Bazar, Innani Beach 32 km off from the metropolis, is one of the most dramatic sea beache s in Bangladesh which is really near to the universe s longest sandy beach in Cox s Bazaar and it is situated within the Inani protected forest ; Sonadia island with really small human trial, Teknaf peninsula, some 80 kilometers from town and picturesque St. Martin Island to the South at 13 kilometers distance from mainland are the around attractive force of Cox s Bazar ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . All these topographic points are located around Cox s Bazar and easy accessible by route and H2O sides what makes this topographic point hub of touristry. As an international finish, Bangladesh has a assorted image. Tourists from abroad perceive a negative consciousness of Bangladesh from intelligence media. Peoples from outside perceive as topographic point where the population is populating in poorness, corruptness and in natural catastrophes. Though the new seven natural admirations search 2009 have made the state attractive for touristry and is besides charted as one of the top 10 interesting finishs by new travel books ( Quader, 2010 ) . Bangladesh is still one of the states in South Asia with the fewest reachings and the lowest gross earned from the touristry industry. WTTC ( 2011 ) predicts that the part from travel and touristry will increase 6.3 % per annum boulder clay 2021. Harmonizing to Bari ( FE, 2010 ) , At present, around 0.50 million international tourers visit Bangladesh each twelvemonth, It employs one million people . Most of the tourers visited the state for concern intent, and their stay in the state was brief as they had non been offered to research the hills, seas and woods of the state brimming with natural beauty ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . The lone cause for this is the deficiency of consciousness and proper agreements. Though the economic part of touristry and the portion of Cox s Bazar to the national economic system are non studied with dependable statistics ( Ahammed, 2010 ) still the touristry industry leaders said in Financial Express ( FE, 2010 ) that Bangladesh can gain US $ 2.0 billion in one-year gross from the touristry sector if it can pull two million international tourers. Harmonizing to the general director of Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, gross gaining from the touristry sector is sing a downward tendency and the gross from touristry sector was about ?51 million in 2008, which came down to ?47 million in 2009. Till June 2010, the gross was ?26 million ( FE, 2010 ) . Tourism in Bangladesh is managed by Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and touristry. There is no uncertainty that touristry is an effectual development tool, helps economic system to bring forth gross, state gets benefited every bit good as the private sector and local community, Consciousness on saving of nature and protection of environment tends to increase. Though Cox s Bazar is easy accessible by route, still there is no rail links in this metropolis. The authorities disbursement immense sum of money to acquire Cox s Bazar rail linked within 2 old ages. Government s substructure development planning includes the work on the upgraded pigboat overseas telegram connexion of Cox s Bazar Landing Station to increase the bandwidth ( Unb, 2011 ) . Development of major substructure to function resorts should be coordinated to run into the demands of the industry with boarder economic and societal demands ( Brohman, 1996 ) . The presence of touristry in any finish ever brings environmental, socio- civilization and economic impacts. Less developed finishs like Cox s Bazar are more susceptible. Development of touristry in Cox s bazaar brings external money flow which drives the populating criterion of the locals to higher degree. Development of touristry in Cox s Bazar on a long-run footing is to give due importance to the above impacts for its sustainability. It needs a long term planning, uninterrupted development work, avoid the negative impacts and investing timing have to be predetermined ( Quader, 2010 ) . The current growing in tourer Numberss to Cox s bazaar has led to the acknowledgment that consideration demands to be given to a sustainable touristry development scheme if the site is to be maintained for future coevalss. 3.0 Purposes and aims In set abouting this probe, this thesis has figure of purposes and aims. As sustainable touristry is a really good established term in modern touristry industry due to a heightened environmental consciousness, it is of import to understand how it functions and whom it targets. The end of environmentally sustainability is a maximal degree of coveted result such as economic net income, quality of life what will keep in a steady manner, capable to restraints imposed by environment. Footing on this construct it can be said that environmentally sustainable touristry implies a cardinal importance on keeping a certain degree of environmental quality. This is foregrounding that, a sustainable environment and a feasible touristry industry are indispensable elements to do an environmentally sustainable touristry ( Johnston A ; Tyrrell, 2007 ) . In order to make understand the term and the map of environmentally sustainable touristry, it will foremost be necessary to sketch the rudimentss of t he touristry industry in less developed state like Bangladesh and how it has changed over the old ages. By making this it will be possible to better understand how the sustainable touristry industry fits into Cox s Bazar. 3.1: Purposes The nucleus purpose of the societal and economic positions of touristry is to animate more international and domestic tourers to advance the growing of tourer value which focus on making employment, accomplishing gross, developing local battle ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) and enable some members of the population to travel from the informal sector to higher paid occupations in the formal sector ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The environmental purpose is frequently conflict between the economic and societal perceptual experiences which is to protect and to conserve both civilization and the environment ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) . The host population is itself a portion of the touristry merchandise. The rapid growing of touristry in any less developed states and finishs raises inquiries of sustainable touristry development, peculiarly the entree and economic benefits to local economic systems. For this thesis, it is most of import to cognize the assorted aspects of the relationship between host pop ulation and touristry industry of Cox s Bazar of Bangladesh. The locals are topics to be viewed and interacted with, or scenes for tourer activities, and their attitudes and behaviour constitute the hospitality resource of a finish ( Smith, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) ( 1993 ) , touristry is sustainable when it improves the quality of life of the host community ; provides a high quality of experience for the visitant ; and maintains the quality of the environment on which both the host community and the visitant depend . Cox s Bazar have limited chances and resources for agribusiness or industrial development and are turning to tourism to make the major beginning of economic system though a immense portion of population are still involved in fishing, roll uping sea nutrients and sea merchandises for their support. Traditionally, it is a conservative society and socio-culture, economic system and the quality of life is still below than nation al norm ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . The purpose of this undertaking is to critically measure whether Cox s Bazar in Bangladesh can be developed in a sustainable manner. 3.2: Aims Finally, holding completed a thorough probe and after rating of the information collected will take up to the current prevalence of the sustainable touristry in Cox s Bazar, it will so be possible to conceive of how the industry may develop in future. Aims are i? To measure and specify sustainable touristry development in term of environment, economic and civilization. i? To look into and happen the specific demand for sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. i? Critically discuss whether the people of touristry industry in Bangladesh truly know the significance of sustainable development? i? To exemplify utile decisions and do effectual recommendations on sustainable touristry development for Cox s Bazar that can be implemented by the touristry authorization of Bangladesh. 4.0: Methodology and Method The undermentioned subdivision of this thesis shall sketch the methodological analysis and the method that shall be employed for the primary research subdivision of this thesis. 4.1: Methodology In touristry research there is an ongoing demand for statistical penetrations but qualitative research offers a great trade of understanding at societal life from in a different manner ( Phillimore and Goodson, 2004 ) . Phillimore and Goodson ( 2004 ) argue that touristry research workers are non bound to follow a simple set of methods, and are hence free to unite a broad scope of attacks with a more sophisticated attitude to utilize qualitative research. This undertaking used both primary and secondary informations resources. In footings of primary informations beginnings, this thesis relied on the research work that I have carried out on sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. Priority was given to the semi structured interviews I took in April 2011 which resulted in to develop decisions and recommendations based on the findings that could be implemented in Cox s Bazar. In order to give concrete burden to the primary research conducted this research will besides incorporate some secondary research. Roll uping informations from people who are involved with the touristry industry in Bangladesh will give considerable thoughts that will hold been formed by looking at secondary literature. It will besides supply the thesis with a personal penetration which can non be gained from carry oning qualitative research entirely. 4.1.1: Primary Research From the beginning, I decided that my research objectives more easy impart themselves to more qualitative signifiers of analysis. This survey is basically trying to find how a figure of complex constructs impact and relate to one another. It requires the capable country to be looked at from a figure of different positions and for links between these separate positions to be determined. Britten et Al ( 1995 ) suggest that using qualitative methodological analysis allows for the research worker to, Address research inquiries of immediate relevancy which are otherwise hard to look into ( p. 105 ) . Flick et Al ( 2004 ) travel on to indicate out that the usage of qualitative methodological analysis can aide in, the apprehension of complex relationships instead than account by isolation of a individual relationship, such as cause and effect ( p. 8 ) . Sofaer ( 1999 ) further argues that this can ensue in, rich descriptions of phenomenaaˆÂ ¦it non merely serves the desire to de pict ; it besides helps travel the question towards more meaningful accounts ( p. 1102 ) . It is for these grounds that this survey will near the research objectives from a qualitative, instead than giving practical weight to quantitative, attack. 4.1.2: Secondary Research Secondary analysis has a well-established lineage. This will supply the utile information in order to understand the background of the topic. Hakim ( 1982 ) province that, secondary information analysis is any farther analysis of an bing dataset which presents readings, decisions or knowledge extra to, or different from, those produced in the first study on the enquiry as a whole and its chief consequences ( p 1 ) . Secondary informations can encompass a whole scope of experimental signifiers ; it can include the informations generated through systematic reappraisals, through documental analysis every bit good as the consequences from authorities sponsored studies ( Smith, 2008 ) . Secondary literature provides a considerable beginning for appreciative which is necessary when doing determinations sing any subject and puting progress theories to develop state of affairss. 4.2: Method The first method that was considered was focus groups. MacNaghten and Myers ( 2004 ) suggest that this method is most utile for research workers who possibly, are non wholly certain what categories, links and positions are relevant ( p. 65 ) . However, this method can give informations that can be hard to understand and construe. For an inexperient research worker this could show a job and could take to informations that is possibly non every bit rich as it could be. I eventually chose semi-structured interviews as my primary research method. Kvale ( 1983 ) states that the usage of this method presents the research worker with the chance to, garner the life-world of the interviewee with regard to reading of the significance of the described phenomena ( p. 174 ) . It is this existent universe experience that will give my informations existent deepness and will hopefully assist me to understand some of the complex jobs faced by my respondents. Another advantage of this method is outlined by Blee and Taylor ( 1995 ) who argue that semi-structured interviews topographic points human bureau, at the Centre of the motion analysis. Qualitative interviews are a window into the mundane universe of militants, and they generate representations that embody the topics voices, minimising, at least every bit much as possible, the voice of the research worker ( p. 96 ) . I had hoped to be able to carry on this research in Cox s Bazar. However, it became clear to me early in my research that this was non likely to be popular. Alternatively, I chose to concentrate my research on travel bureaus in the UK who offer vacations to Cox s Bazar and other parts of Bangladesh. I chose to pull my sample group from bureaus located in Bangladeshi communities. Tower Hamlets, Manchester and Oldham have arguably the highest concentration of Bangladeshi s in the state, so I chose to aim travel agents here. As people working in the industry are replying my questionnaires, I assured them that they will stay anon. to do them experience more confident to give honest reply. I phoned round several bureaus and managed to procure interviews with 5 travel agents. A few yearss before the interviews, these respondents were sent an lineation of my survey so that they could possibly get down to fix their responses. This would hopefully give richer information for me to utilize. These interviews were largely conducted face to face, although two was conducted over the phone and Skype. I recorded the interviews and took extended notes during them. I was witting of the fact that, in semi-structured interviewing, analysis and reading are ongoing procedures ( Blee and Taylor, 2002: 110 ) . Unlike in quantitative informations aggregation where one waits until all the information is collected before get downing the analysis procedure, with qualitative informations aggregation, the analysis is an ongoing procedure. In the analysis of the information, I

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What were the moral dilemmas facing writers in a communist country in order to be published Essay Example What were the moral dilemmas facing writers in a communist country in order to be published Essay What were the moral dilemmas facing writers in a communist country in order to be published Essay Retrieved From slate.com/id/2105821/

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A Case Study Audit Report of Veterans Affairs Association Introduction The Veterans Affairs (VA) is subject to the Government Security Policy (GSP) and must ensure compliance with the GSP and operational standards. The VA is responsible for the conduct of an audit to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of its security program. At the request of the VA, we conducted an audit of security to provide management of the VA with an objective assessment of it security program. Overall, we found that the VA met the requirements of the Government Security Policy (GSP) with respect to compliance, efficiency, and effectiveness. The audit provides an overview of the main security measures we observed. We also identified areas for improvement. The department of Veterans Affairs Investigation A Case Study Audit Report Generally, the VA has put in place a security program which complies with the GSP and operational standards. The roles and responsibilities of Security Management, Personnel Security, Physical Security, Information Technology Security as well as Contracting Management Security and Contingency Measures Security are clearly defined in the Security Management Structure. The Departmental security officer (DSO) carries out his duties by coordinating, controlling and updating the security program on a regular basis. The VA has implemented adequate mechanisms to ensure the protection of sensitive information and assets. The sensitive information and assets are classified, designated, declassified or disposed of, in compliance with the standards. Emergency and recovery plans are periodically developed, documented and revised, in compliance with the requirements. Public Works and Secure Impact (PWSI) is currently responsible for security screening services which are conducted in compliance with the Security Policy and the Personnel Security Standards. Even though the original agreement between the two parties for this service is no longer valid. Moreover, certain roles and responsibilities between the two parties are not clearly established and defined in the agreement. Presently, the VA determines the security level related to the position requirements and requests the appropriate personnel screening. The PWSI acts as the administrative security officer by granting the level of security requested by the VA. About the Audit The Veterans Affairs (VA) is responsible for protecting sensitive data such as financial, medical, and personal Veteran and employee information under their authority. The information must be classified and designated considering the provisions for adequate exceptions of the Access to Information Act and the Privacy Act. The data appropriate to information technologies must be classified and specifically designated per their confidentiality, integrity, availability and value. Information and sensitive data must be protected per minimal standards, and related risk and threat assessment. The VA is responsible for the implementation of the Security Policy within its institution and must conduct an internal audit on their compliance with the policy and their efficiency in implementing it at least every year. This audit is conducted within the framework of Treasury Board Secretariats requirements in this respect. Objectives The objectives of the audit are to ensure the compliance of all sensitive information and goods with the Government Security Policy (GSP) and with the operational standards and the efficiency and effectiveness of the Security Program of the VA. More specifically, the objectives focused on: Security organization, Security Management, Physical Security and Personnel Security. Scope of the Audit The audit covers the following: Security Organization: the structure of security management at the VA for the overall security program. Security Management: the security program, the security education and training programs, the classification and designation of sensitive data, the measures of protection for sensitive information, the breaches and violations of security and other security-related incidents, the protection measures taken for external communications. Physical Security: the location and layout of installations, the identification and the application of protection measures in the installations, the examination and control of physical security measures. Personnel Security: the personnel security investigations, the authorization, refusal and revocation of security levels, the measures required at employees termination of employment. Security and management of emergency cases: necessary actions are taken to protect sensitive information and assets and employees during all types of emergencies. Security and management of contracting: security measurements are included with other requirements in contracts involving access to sensitive information. Approach and Methodology The audit methodologies are comprised of interviews, data gathering, information and report analyses, the study of files and the observation of practices. Findings and Management Responses Security Organization Objective: To verify whether there is in place a security management structure meeting the Agencys requirements for the overall security program, specifically management security, physical security and personnel security. VA has implemented a security management structure which meets the overall security program needs of the Agency. The security responsibilities are clearly defined, established and assigned to personnel whose positions include security responsibilities defined in the position description. Secure Impact, a tenant in the same building as VA, is responsible for the development and implementation of the physical security. For personnel security screening VA depends on the services of PW. Area of Improvement The audit has found that the agreement between the VA and PW for the delivery of personnel security screening services has expired. Furthermore, certain roles and responsibilities of PW as related to the security of the VA personnel were not clearly established in the expired agreement. Management Response The VA recognizes the importance of maintaining valid agreements with its service providers, especially when dealing with security issues. The VA also appreciates the necessity of having clear roles and responsibilities defined in the agreement and understood by all parties. After being apprised of the above situation, the VA contacted PW to begin negotiation on a new agreement, which would clearly state roles and responsibilities of all parties. The VA will also ensure that this agreement is revised periodically and that it is extended, based on operational requirements. Security Management Objective: To verify whether a good security program is an integral part of the VAs overall program and meets the GSP requirements and operational standards. The VA currently has a good security program in place which complies with the requirements of the GSP and operating standards. The responsibilities assigned to security personnel are fully carried out. Guides and procedures have been developed which are used as guidelines for those in charge of security. Area of improvement Develop a security policy or adapt the TBS security policy to meet the VA requirements. Management Response The VA will review current Government Security Policy and determine how and if it can be adapted to meet VA requirements. Should this not be feasible, the VA will develop its own internal security policy. It should be noted that although the VA has no official internal policy which covers all aspects of security, it does have a policy on electronic mail, which sets out standards for ensuring that established security levels are adhered to and that needed information is preserved. Objective: To verify whether there are good security education and training programs. The VA does not have in place a security education and training program. Area of improvement Provide training to employee with security responsibilities. Management Response The VA is fully supportive in providing training to its employees. Each year, a training plan is submitted by employees and approved by the Chairperson. The VA will ensure that those employees with specific security functions are made aware of and encouraged to take training necessary to meet current and upcoming security requirements. Objective: To verify whether sensitive information is classified and designated in compliance with the GSP and operational standards, and whether the classifications and designations are unclassified or eliminated when the information is no longer, or less of a sensitive nature. The VA has implemented a mechanism to ensure that goods of a sensitive nature are classified and designated in compliance with the GSP and operational standards; the same mechanism is also being used to declassify or dispose of the same goods. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether protection measures are applied for sensitive information, as well as for employees, in compliance with the mandatory standards and with a risk management methodology. The VA has implemented mechanisms to ensure the security of sensitive information. A process is in place to declassify sensitive information when it is no longer sensitive. The controls in place ensure authorized to receive such information. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether breaches of security, security violations and other security-related incidents that may happen are the subject of an enquiry, that measures are taken to minimize the losses and that the necessary administrative or disciplinary measures are taken if warranted. Breaches of security, security violations and other security-related incidents are reported to Secure Impact. Secure Impact is responsible to take the necessary administrative measures and to ensure follow-up. A mechanism is in place and is used to report security breaches and to prepare reports. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether the necessary protection measures are taken for the sensitive information communicated to or from official sources outside the department. The VA follows procedures concerning sensitive information transmitted to official sources outside the department. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Physical Security Objective: To verify whether consideration was given to providing good siting to, as well as adequate retrofit of installations, to reduce or eliminate threats and risks to which the information, and the employees in those installations are exposed. The VA uses the facilities along with other government departments. Secure Impact ensures the physical security, thus reducing or eliminating threats and risks. A physical security committee is established with a representative of the VA. In this regards, the physical security is adequate. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether the required physical protection measures are applied in installations, so that sensitive information is well protected. The current physical protection measures ensure that sensitive information is protected. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether the physical security measures required are applied in the installations to ensure the protection and security of staff. Implemented physical security measures in the VA facilities ensure employee protection and security. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether the physical security measures are periodically reviewed and controlled. Security measures are reviewed and controlled periodically. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Personnel Security Objective: To ensure that the personnel of the VA is subjected to a security check per the Government Security Policy (GSP) and the standard on Personnel Security The audit found that security checks were conducted in compliance with the Government Security Policy (GSP) and the standards on Personnel Security. PW is responsible for the safe storing of personnel records and for the filling in and storing of security investigation forms requests. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify whether the necessary levels of security are authorized, refused and revoked per the GSP and to the personnel security standard, and whether such measures are taken in a just and impartial way. The VA has no record of refusals or revocations of levels of security. The VA recognizes its responsibilities in this matter. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Objective: To verify that the necessary measures are taken to reduce or eliminate any risk for the sensitive information and goods as well as for the departments essential systems at the termination of employment. The audit found that the necessary measures are taken at the termination of employment. Area of improvement No recommended improvement Security and Contracting Management Objective: Ensure that security requirements are included with other requirements in contracts when they involve access to sensitive information. The VA does not have mechanisms in place to check authorization to access facilities by the contracting parties. Area of Improvement Put in place a mechanism to check the authority to access the facilities by the contracting parties. Management response The VA is fully aware of its responsibility to ensure that only those individuals with proper authority are given access to its facilities. In some cases, authority to access VA facilities is given by another department, such as Secure Impact, but the VA is informed in advance. The VA will ensure that in those situations where another department gives access to its facilities, once the individuals show up, their name and authority will be verified with the other department. Conclusion The audit provides an overview of the main security measures observed, as well as, identifies areas for improvement. The audit methodologies are comprised of interviews, data gathering, information and report analyses, the study of files and the observation of practices. Finally, the audit covers security organization, security management, physical security, personnel security, security and management of emergency cases, and security and management of contracting. Reference http://andrei.clubcisco.ro/cursuri/5master/sric-asr/cursuri/Readings/secaudit.pdf

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